Environmentally- Friendly Proposals for Coastal Stability at Rosetta Promontory, Nile Delta !

The Nile Delta was formed by sedimentary processes occurred between the Upper Miocene period and the present. The advance and recession of the shoreline are governed by the amount of river sediment discharged into the Mediterranean to those sediments that are lost by the dynamic factors of the wind, wave and current action.The study area mainlyhas two activities; fishing, and agriculture. The agriculture sector includes cultivating date palms, and fruit tree.

Fisheries activities represents an important source for income. Rosetta outlet is the only navigation path for the fishermen from the Nile river branch to the Miditeranean sea.Although the fishing sector is vital to population,the city has no fishing port. No location for the fisheries association which is comprised of about 12000 members (40% of Rosetta population are fishermen).(Read more)

The Comparison of Antibodies Raised Against PLRV with Two Different Approaches - Viral Particles Purification and Recombinant Production of CP.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in human nutrition having potential of vital food security. It is the fourth largest food crop cultivated in more than 100 countries throughout the world and has gained a status of globally traded commodity.

Potato is infected by at least 40 viruses and 2 viroids and mixed viral infection is frequent. The primary infection triggers the rolling of young leaves with upright growth pattern appearing pale yellow, tinged purple, pink or red with many cultivars. Whereas, secondary symptoms turned out to be severe with overall rolled leaves with leathery texture, stunted growth and tuber necrosis.(Read more)

Probiotic Lactobacillus Species Strengthen Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Integrity in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory intestinal disorder that affects premature infants. Despite years of research, it remains the most common gastrointestinal emergency seen in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NEC is associated with an average mortality of 15-30%, but may be as high as 75-85% in its most severe forms. Survivors may require surgical resection of necrotic bowel and incur associated morbidities, including short gut syndrome, growth delay, and neurodevelopment disorders. 

The pathophysiology of NEC is not well understood and as a result, care is mostly supportive with no defined preventative therapy available. There currently are no recommended strategies that consistently prevent NEC. The possibility of administering probiotic species to protect at-risk infants from developing NEC is a captivating concept that has received significant attention.(Read More)

Community Culture in the Solitary Orang-utan (Pongo)

Perception that orangutan are forest inhabitants living in isolated existence may be an accurate geographic portrayal, but overlooks noncontiguous interactions. While population density appears resource dependent, it takes a community to “raise” an orang. Their development of intricate communication techniques reflects the importance of community. Clicks and “faux speech” represent arousal and alarm calls, in the form of grumphs,gorkunes, grumbiass. Sophisticated kiss-squeak alarm calls involving cupping hands around muzzles to reduce pitch, facilitating long-distance sound transmission. This is not inherited, but learned behavior, reflecting aprolonged childhood. So-called locomotor independence is delayed at least five years. 

This is a period of intense (at least related to later activity levels) learning. They are very curious animals [6], for whom communication is only a part of their “curriculum.” One of the more intriguing aspects of orang behavior is their use of tools [7]. Variability among derived family groups, at least during the five year “home life” confirms this as learned, not hereditary behavior [8]. Their curiosity often leads to discovering new tools and concepts which they share with their group [7]. This includes building sun covers out of leaves and play nests. Hygiene is facilitated by creating leaf napkins. Itches (both tactile and erotic) are “scratched” with sticks; branches, used to swat flies; gloves, made out of leaves to allow access to spiny fruits and branches. Sticks are used to extract insects from holes (e.g., in trees) and seeds from fruits.(Read more)

Postmortem Study on Indigestible Foreign Bodies in Rumen and Reticulum of Ruminants Slaughtered at Asella Municipal Abattoir, Southeastern Ethiopia

Ethiopia is resource full country endowed with larges population of livestock in Africa. The total cattle populations of the country is estimated to be about 57.83 million, whereas the number of small ruminantsare estimated to exceed 58 million. However, development this sector is hampered by different constraints and has not been fully exploited the benefit of indigenous livestock compared to its tremendous potential.

Significant losses result each year from the death of animals as a result of lack of appropriate veterinary services, lack of attention from government, wide spread endemic disease and recurrent drought. Ingestible foreign body predisposed by environmental pollution is currently becoming a global health problem of ruminants and have been implicated as among common causes of sudden death. 

Shark and Shark Products Trade Channel and its Conservation Aspects in Bangladesh

Shark, a major group of elasmobranch talked about globally as its population has been under serious threats due to over-exploitation mostly to meet the demand of shark fin soup especially in USA and China.

One of the most heavily fished regions in world’s ocean for shark is Bay of Bengal. Catching sharks haveincreased in the recent years mainly by using hooks and lines during wintermonths in this region. A group of dry fish traders are allegedly patronizing the shark hunting, processing and trading. Shark harvesting is done by using different fish trawl, shark net (modified long mesh drift gill net), hooks andlines and sometimes by trammel nets. Coastal waters of Kuakata, Sonar Char, Ruper Char, Fatrar Char and Char Gongmoti in Patuakhali; Dublar Char in Khulna; Ashar Char, Patharghata, Barguna and the Sunderbans; Sandwip, in Chittagong; Kutubdia, Moheshkhali and Elephant Point in Teknaf, Cox's Bazar are major shark hunting grounds of Bangladesh

Vibrio Species Isolated from Farmed Fish in Basra City in Iraq

The world fish production has grown recently- as a consequence of the decline production in capture fishery- with food fish supply increasing at an average annual rate of 3.2 percent, above the growth of the world population to 1.6 percent. World per capita apparent fish consumption increased from an average of 9.9 kg in the 1960s to 19.2 kg in 2012. According to the latest available statistics collected globally by FAO, world aquaculture production attained another all-time high of 90.4 million tons in 2012, including 66.6 million tons of food fish and 23.8 million tons of aquatic algae.

But this worldwide growth of aquaculture is overwhelmed by catastrophic fish diseases and spoilage caused by pathogenic bacteria, which are introduced to the fish farm through natural or artificial food sources, treated inlet water or through vertical transmission from brood stock. The most diseases are caused by Vibrio spp., which are considered the well-known cause of a significant problem for the development of a sector with strong economic losses worldwide because of its high morbidity and mortality rates (mortality ≥ 50%).