Global warming and increasing prices of fossil fuels influencing the improvement of renewable energy and biofuel production technologies. Bioethanol production by biomass digestion promises to be one of the most effective methods for producing renewable and sustainable energy. Lignocellulosic raw materials include agricultural wastes, forest products or energy crops and constitute abundant, widely distributed and inexpensive feedstocks for biofuels production. The major compositions of plant cell wall are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. High amount of sugars can be produced from cellulose and hemicellulose, using acid as the catalyst, or enzymatic hydrolysis and reformed into bioethanol by a fermentation procedure.
Most physical and chemical pre-treatment using acid, alkali, processes require special instrument and consume a lot of energy and generate inhibitors which will affect enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Many researches displayed that biological pretreatment such as bacteria, fungus (white-, brown-, and soft-rot fungi), deuteromycetes and ascomycetes can enhance the hydrolysis productivity because of generating low inhibitors and limited energy utilization. Furthermore, biological pretreatment compared to other pretreatment process such as organosolvant and ammonium fiber explosion (AFEX) is considered as cheap process and have been less investigated
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