Infectious Coryza in Jimma Backyard Chicken Farms: Clinical and Bacteriological Investigation

Chicken production promises considerable potential to improve livelihood of rapidly increasing populations of developing countries. For many poor people in these countries, chickens are the only type oflivestock they can afford to keep, which are relatively risk free. With an estimated 60% of the total chicken population in East Africa, Ethiopia has an around 45 million heads. Of the national flock, the local breeds represent 98%

 

Despite this huge population of poultry, the industry in the country remains highly undeveloped due to many constraints of which one is diseases. Although it is understood that diseases cause great losses, many of them are unstudied. Infectious coryza is one of such poultry catastrophes.

Stock Assessment and Estimation of Optimum Yield for Tilapia Stock (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia

The basic purpose of stock assessment is to provide decision makers with the information necessary to make rational choices on the optimum level of exploitation of aquatic living resources such as fish. Aquatic living resources are limited butrenewable, and fish stock assessment may be described as the search for the exploitation level, which in the long run gives the maximum sustainable bio-economic yield in weight from fishery.

Fish resource utilization is the primary and an important economic activity. Its purpose is to provide a flow of benefits to human society; it serves as a food because ofits rich nutritional value in provision of protein. The global capture fisheries production in 2008 was reported by FAO, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, as 90 million tones, with an estimated first-sale value of US$93.9 billion, comprising about 80 million tons from marine waters and 10 million tons from inland waters.

A Review on Aspergillosis in Poultry

Aspergillosis is non-contagious disease of avian. It is cuased by a fungal species under the genus Aspergillus. The disease occursunder immune compromised situations of the host or when the bird is exposed toan overwhelming number of spores. Stress is the main predisposing factor for the development of the disease. It is a common mismanagement problem in commercial and back yard poultry. The disease primarily affects lower respiratory system .

Aspergillus spp can penetrate egg shell and infect the embryo. The infected embryo may die or hatch with well developed lesion. Ifinfected eggs are broken, large numbers of spores are released, whichcontaminate the hatchery equipment. Aspergillosis can be acute or chronic form. Acute aspergillosis generally occurs in young birds and resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The chronic form is sporadic and it causes lesser mortality and generally affects older birds, especially a compromised immune system due to poor husbandry condition

Chicken Pepsin and Rennet Gels: Internal Bonds, Rheology and Microstructure

Pepsin is a proteinase, mainly used in food industries. Porcine, ovine, bovine, poultry and aquatic species are its principal sources. In Algeria, coagulant enzymeutilisation relies on importation. However, the increase in its poultry farming from 220 000 tons in 2008 to 300 000 tons in 2011 and the increase in its milk production from 1.5 billion (109) litres in 2008 to 2 billion litres on 2012 as related by the Food and Agricultural Organisation were a sufficient and a good encouragement to recover and find ways of using chicken pepsin locally in milk coagulation. 

Thus, costs of proteinases importation will be reduced. Algerian investors interested in producing this enzyme may contribute to the development of the poultry industry. For this aim, a comparison with the rennet as thereference milk coagulant is necessary to reassure investors of the chicken pepsin feasibility as a coagulant agent. This research objective is the exploitation and assessment of the chicken pepsin properties for its use in the coagulation milk as a rennet substitute.