Diagnostic Cytology in Veterinary Medicine

Diagnostic cytology is known for the science of interpretation of cells that are either exfoliated from epithelial surfaces or removed from various tissues. It can be carried out by different methods and it has many applications in diagnosing and confirming different diseases. Cytology is an inexpensive however, powerful diagnostic tool that allows for rapid diagnosis of many common diseases. Cytological examinations identify disease process; neoplasia versus inflammation, specific versus non-specific inflammation. It also used in direct therapy, to form prognosis and to determinate next diagnostic procedures. Character of the lesion and tissue sampled play pivotal roles in the diagnostic value of cytology. 

Familiarity with preferred sampling methods and reported accuracy is critical for veterinary practitioners and sample of good quality is imperative. The 1920s were momentous years in diagnostic cytology. The first monograph of clinical cytology was published in Spain. James Ewing (1866- 1943) introduced aspiration cytology in New York City And Aurel Babes (1886-1961), of Rumania, and George Papanicolaou (1883-1962), of New York City, published papers on detection of uterine cervical cancers by examination of vaginal smears.

Infectious Coryza in Jimma Backyard Chicken Farms: Clinical and Bacteriological Investigation

Chicken production promises considerable potential to improve livelihood of rapidly increasing populations of developing countries. For many poor people in these countries, chickens are the only type oflivestock they can afford to keep, which are relatively risk free. With an estimated 60% of the total chicken population in East Africa, Ethiopia has an around 45 million heads. Of the national flock, the local breeds represent 98%

 

Despite this huge population of poultry, the industry in the country remains highly undeveloped due to many constraints of which one is diseases. Although it is understood that diseases cause great losses, many of them are unstudied. Infectious coryza is one of such poultry catastrophes.

Current Advancements on the Significance of Oncolytic Viruses in the Treatment of Tumor Cells

Currently, the spread and severity of cancer increase very rapidly and the complex nature of this disease which often involves multiple mutations, overlapping signaling pathways, and the ability to adaptand develop resistance to various therapeutics becomes more evident. Such a complex disease necessitates equally complex therapies such as oncolytic viruses.

Over the past 40 years, anticancer agents have entered clinical practice and improved survival for many patients with cancer. Unfortunately, even for patients who achieve remission following treatment withsurgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and some of the newer targeted inhibitors and antibodies, relapse often occurs months or years later.

Present Status and Future Prospects of Fish Vaccination: A Review

Fisheries are based on complex resources which include hundreds of kinds of fish. Each species has its own habits, living in differentkinds of water, has different market qualities but together they provide excellent protein-rich food in far greater variety than animal agriculture.

Aquaculture is growing rapidly worldwide than all other food animal producing sectors. The production has increased from representing9% of the fisheries resources in 1980 to a current 43%, actually and, it is thought that production will need to double in the next 25 years. According to Bensussan et al., world food and agriculture organization (FAO) promotes aquaculture not only for being an important source of money, but also for its great contribution to food security and social development of many countries.

Chicken Pepsin and Rennet Gels: Internal Bonds, Rheology and Microstructure

Pepsin is a proteinase, mainly used in food industries. Porcine, ovine, bovine, poultry and aquatic species are its principal sources. In Algeria, coagulant enzymeutilisation relies on importation. However, the increase in its poultry farming from 220 000 tons in 2008 to 300 000 tons in 2011 and the increase in its milk production from 1.5 billion (109) litres in 2008 to 2 billion litres on 2012 as related by the Food and Agricultural Organisation were a sufficient and a good encouragement to recover and find ways of using chicken pepsin locally in milk coagulation. 

Thus, costs of proteinases importation will be reduced. Algerian investors interested in producing this enzyme may contribute to the development of the poultry industry. For this aim, a comparison with the rennet as thereference milk coagulant is necessary to reassure investors of the chicken pepsin feasibility as a coagulant agent. This research objective is the exploitation and assessment of the chicken pepsin properties for its use in the coagulation milk as a rennet substitute.

The Reproductive Behavior of Indian Leopards (Panthera pardus fusca)

Leopards are very elusive and elegant cats and their reproductive behavior has been a challenging one to document. All behavioral observations were carried out after the daily cleaning activities of the zoo keepers, from a vantage point undisturbed and unhindered. The animals were observed for 2 hours at a frequency of 4 times a day. A total of 38 leopards were included in the study comprising of 33 animals (17 males and 16 females) from Bannerghatta National Park and 5 animals (3 males and 2 females) from Aringar Anna Zoological Park. The study focused on the mating behavior of leopards which was divided into pre-copulatoryperiod, copulatory period and post-copulatory period, invariable of the number of animals, the total number of matings were regarded prime in this study.

The abundant growth in the human population has resulted in the extensive degradation of the wild life habitat, which poses main threat to the conservation of wild felids. Conservation of these wild felids could be achieved only by reducing the humanwild life conflict and by the proper and through understanding of theirreproductive physiology. However, the data regarding the quantification of the reproductive parameters requires a collection over multiple generations which make the study laborious. Although enormous studies had been done exploring the reproductive behaviors and reproductive success in lions, cheetahs, tigers and leopards, the basic behaviors of estrus and mating has not yet been elucidated in these wild felids which are essential for understanding the reproductive physiology of these species. Leopards have a wide range of distribution with the exception in the Himalayas and the desert regions. The elusiveness and behavioral flexibility of the leopards allow this species to survive near villages and human settlements. Although studies had been done on the behaviours of reproduction in male leopards, relatively few data are available for the reproductive behaviour in females. Hence the present was aimed to elucidate the estrus and mating behaviours of the leopards in captivity.

3D Modeling of Abdominal Surface Area in Cats

The abdominal cavity it presents an ovoid shape and is compressed laterally and is considered the largest body cavity. It is delimited, cranially, by the diaphragm and, caudally, connected with the pelvic cavity. Dorsally, it is bounded by the lumbar vertebrae, muscles and lumbar part of the diaphragm. The side walls are formed by abdominal muscles, peritoneum, caudal ribs, iliac wings and its muscles. The ventral portion is bordered mainly by abdominal muscles and peritoneum. The dividing line between the abdominal and retroperitonealcavities is called terminal line; it is formed dorsally by the base of the sacrum, laterally by the iliopectineal lines, ventrally by the cranial edges of the pubic bones.The retroperitoneal cavity contains the rectum and part of the internal and urinary genital organs.

In the literature review carried out by the authors, no morphometric study was foundthat would determine the abdominal cavity surface area (ACSA) in cats. In humans and rats, the peritoneal surface area (PSA) is indeed described by various methods, due to its importance as direct barrier of exchanges in intraperitoneal therapy.