Development of Simple and Rapid Diagnostic Method for Strawberry Latent Ring-spot Virus in Plants Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay

Strawberry Latent Ring-spot Virus (SLRSV) was first discovered in Scotland and classified in the genus Nepovirus as a plant pathogen of the Group IV positive-sense ssRNA viruses. SLRSV is classified intothe family Secoviridae (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; ICTV)and is transmitted by seeds and soilinhabiting nematodes (Xiphinemadiversicaudatum and X. coxi). The infection by SLRSV forms tubule-like structures, facilitating the mechanism of cell-cell translocation through plasmodesmata. Some of the typical symptoms after infection include chromatic and/ or morphological alteration of leaves. 

This virus has a wide host range, attacking many economically cultivated crops. For example, SLRSV was recently found to infect olive in Syria, Oriental hybrid lily in Northern India, strawberry fields in United States, and black locust (Robinia pseudacacia L, family Fabaceae) in Poland. The hosts of this virus in Korea are Rosa spp., Aesculusspp., Trifolium spp., Peteroselinum crispum, Vitis spp., Fritillaria imperialis, Humulus lulus, Euonymus europaeus, Pastinica sativa, Laminum amplexicaule, Ribes spp., Rubus spp., Delphinum spp., Fragaria ananassa, Muscari spp., Lilium spp., Paunus spp., Apium graveolens, Narcissus spp., Robinia peudoacacia, Asparagus densiflorus, Prunus avium, and Prunus.

Heteropolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Current Trends and Applications

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a wide variety of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and oligosaccharides that have immense food applications. EPS can be used as prebiotics. Prebiotics are food ingredientsthat cannot be digested other than by some specific bacteria and are involvedin selectively stimulating the growth of probiotics to benefit the health ofthe host. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrate polymers of monomeric residues with degrees of polymerization (DP) between 2 and 10 linked by O-glycosidic bonds they can also be the degradation product of their related EPS.

LABs have aroused interest for their ability to secrete extracellular polysaccharides which are either associated with the cell surfacein the form of capsules (Capsular exopolysaccharides) or secreted into the extracellular environment in the form of slime (Slimy exopolysaccharide).

Impact of Captivity and Domestication on our Perspectives of Primate Anatomy and Behavior

Do domestication and captivity have different implications or are they simply parts of a spectrum related to extraction from natural habitats? While the former is traditionally associated with “directed” character development through selected breeding, such approaches have permeated much of captive animal husbandry.Should captive animals be excluded from phylogenetic, morphological or behavior studies as they are “atypical” and do not represent the natural state? Domestication has been associated with paedomorphosis, withalterations of appearance including facial “simplification,” subcutaneous fataccumulation.Brain and body size and character are altered. Genetic variability is reduced.

A protected environment reduces the need for skills and behavior related to predator recognition, response and related defensive behavior. Animals become more responsive to human contact and may even initiateit. Alterations are not limited to behavior but may also have physiologic effects. Litter size also is increased in captive callitrichids. Ability of Leontopitheus rosalia, the golden lion tamarin, raised in captivity to orient to new environments (e.g., in captive-release programs) was compromised.

Effect of Cuff Placement on Blood Pressure Measurement in Conscious Healthy Dogs

Scientific advancements in modern medicine have helped prolong significantly human life length. In the veterinary field, theseachievements have been just marginal; more of them due to adequate veterinarypreventive care, among others. However, it is expected that in the next decades there will be also great progresses in the field of companion animal medicine due to the tendency to suffer from conditions related to ageing, as occurs in human beings . Diseases like chronic renal disease, cancer or heart disease are very common in the geriatric dog or cat. 

A very common complication from the above mentioned circumstances is systemic hypertension, and when properly diagnosed, warrant classification and management. Systemic hypertension is of concern, because can cause injury to tissues, commonly referred to as Target-Organ Damage (TOD), which is generally a strong indication for antihypertensive therapy.Recent advancements in diagnostic techniques to determineBlood Pressure (BP) make possible to obtain rapid and accurate measurements inconscious animals. One priority for a busy practitioner and owners is to obtain quick and reliable results by using non-invasive methods.

Marketing and Livelihood Contribution of Fishermen in Lake Tana, North Western Part of Ethiopia

Fishery industry provides a vital source of food, employment, recreation, trade and economic well-being for people throughout the world. Fishery is the most important livelihood option for the inhabitants. It is threatened with problems of overexploitation, environmental degradation and consequently unrecovered resources resulting in loss of its potentials. These resources, although renewable, are not infinite and need to be properly managed, if their contribution to the nutritional, economic and social well-being of the growing world population is to be sustained. 

Ethiopia depends on the inland waters for the supply of fish as a cheap source of animal protein. It has a number of lakes and rivers with substantial quantity of fishstocks. The total area of the lakes and reservoirs stands at about 7000 to 8000 km2 and the important rivers stretch over 7000 km in the country.Lake Tana contains 28 types of fish species, from this 21 are endemic and it is the home of a variety Labeobarbus species. But, still there are only three types of fish species that joined the market. These are the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus and Labeobarbus species.

Dendrimers as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxidation of Multi Substituted Alcohols

Ideally, dendrimers are perfect mono disperse macromolecules with a regular and highly branched three-dimensional architecture. Dendrimers are produced in an iterative sequence of reaction steps, in which each additional interaction leads to a higher generation material. The first exampleof an iterative synthetic procedure toward well-defined branched structures hasbeen reported by Vogtle, who named this procedure a “cascade synthesis”. A few years later, in the early 1980s, Denke walter 2-During the early years, the area blossomed and dendrimers based on a variety of repeat units appeared: these included amides, amines, carbo silanes, siloxanes, esters, ethers, phenyl acetylenes, various organometallics, amino acids and even nucleic acid based dendrimers. 

In addition, secondary function was also incorporated into these systems. These included porphyrins, phthalocyanines, saccharides, mesogens, anionic and cationic groups and various chromophores. Over the nextfew years more and more applied systems began to be developed and this area ofapplied research is now one of the most vibrant areas of dendrimer chemistry. Examples of such applications are many and diverse: they include encapsulation and solubilisation,medicinal and bio mimetic applications,novel materials,and catalysis