Pathological Investigations on Galilee Tilapia (Sarotherodon galilaeus) Following Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Chloride

Freshwater acquires contaminated with a large number of pollutants and it has become a matter of major concern allover the world. Among pollutants and metals are of particular interest because of their varied effects and the range of concentrations which may cause toxic effects to fish. Many studies are available that demonstrate heavy metal toxicity in fish. Cadmium has no biological function in living organisms. It widely used in fertilizer, automotive, dye, plastics and synthetic fiber industries and battery production. 

Even small amounts of this metal entered into aquatic systems, results in accumulation in various tissues, changes in metabolic, physiologic and biochemical parameters and death in sensitive species. Cadmiumexposure may lead to the results of some pathophysiological damages in varioustissues including liver, brain and kidney.One of the common and commercially important cultured tilapia species is Sarotherodon galilaeus (S. galilaeus) but Limited information is available about the morphopathological alterations of chronic cadmium toxicity in this fish.