Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control Technique of Newcastle Disease

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious economically devastating viral disease of poultry. The virus that cause Newcastle disease is grouped under family paramyxoviridae,genus Avulavirus and species Newcastle disease virus or avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). The genus of this virus has RNA nucleotide, enveloped, single-stranded (SS) and has negative sense. The avian paramyxovirus contain six structural protein matrix(M), RNA polymerase(L), phosphoprotin(P), nucleoprotein(NP), hemagglutinin neuraminidase(NH) and fusion(F). Protein V and W are additionally encoded by RNA editing of P protein. Paramyxovirus type 1 can cause disease in birds of all types, sex and age.

Based on their virulence avia paramyxovirus (APMV-1) has been divided in to three or more pathotypes. Velogenic neurotropic strain typically associated with neurological andrespiratory sign. Velogenic viscerotropic strain typically associated with gastrointestinal lesion. These two strains are more virulent. Mesogenic strain is moderate virulence while, lantogenic strains is the least virulence and used for vaccine preparation.