The
production of food grains in world increased considerably since 1960s due to
increase in arable area, large-scale cultivation of high yielding semi-dwarf
varieties and increased applications of irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides.
Food security has to be understood as a distress phenomenon, as with marginal
increase in their incomes over time they are forced to cut down on their food
consumption to meet other pressing demands of health and education that were
not considered important in the past. High economic growth rates have failed toimprove food security in whole world leaving the state facing a crisis in its
rural economy. If food security is a complex objective, pursued with others
(shelter, safety, health, self-esteem), in a world where individual households
face diverse, complex and different livelihood opportunities, what role can
policy possibly play? Can governments ever know enough to act?
The global
food system today is beset by serious challenges and risks: production and
prices have become more volatile; hunger and poverty levels remain high,particularly among farming communities; and unsustainable practices exacerbate
environmental challenges. By 2050, the world’s population will have risen to 9
billion. Feeding this population will require substantial changes to ensure the
production, distribution and consumption of sufficient nutritious and
sustainably produced food.
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