Natural and synthetic biomaterials play an important role in the treatment
of different diseases. Current research is trying to obtain differentbiomaterials with optimized characteristics. Mesenchymal stem cells with
biomaterial scaffolds can provide a promising strategy for tissue engineering
and cellular delivery. Because these cells are key elements of cell therapy of
various diseases, evaluation and use of specific substrates is highly
important. Concomitant use of stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds offer a
hopeful strategy for tissue engineering. In this review, we examine the
applications of the different types of natural scaffolds (collagen, fibrinogen,
gelatin etc.) and evaluate their use in combination with stem cells for tissue
engineering applications.
Tissue engineering is a rapidly developing area that might restore, maintain
or improve tissue functions. The major elements of tissue engineering are:
integrate cells, scaffolds and biologically active molecules. These componentsproceed synergistically to regulate stem cell propagation and differentiationconsequently ensuring tissue regeneration. Scaffolds provide the environment and
space for cells and the bioactive molecules are required to induce regeneration.
The fundamental idea of tissue engineering is to induce tissue regeneration at
diseased tissues or organs with cells and their environment. This requires a
local environment that enables to augment the proliferation and differentiation
of cells. The minimum requirements for biomaterials refer to present excellent
biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, appropriate mechanical
strength, flexibility and ability to absorb body fluids. The surface morphology
is also very important on the attachment of surrounding cells and tissues after
implantation. Efficient modification of the scaffold surface may play a
significant role in facilitating tissue engineering. Recent findings have
reported that surface modification of scaffolds with nano-sized materials or combinations
of several biomaterials may stimulate bioactivity, cell proliferation, tissue
compatibility and controllable biodegradability.
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